Types and filter configurations of 5G signal jammers?

In order to ensure the advanced performance of 5G networks, the 100MHz networking solution design mainly selects the 2.6GHz frequency band, but this frequency band is consistent with the operating frequency of the TD-LTE system software deployed in the D1/D2 frequency band. Therefore, in areas where TD-LTE has not yet been cleared from the D1/D2 frequency band, 5G has obvious LTE co-channel interference problems. In addition, taking 5G interference technology as an example, there are also interference problems in the multi-channel microwave distribution system software (MMDS) of broadcasting and television networks, wireless network transmission in video surveillance systems, and the existence of pseudo base stations. Therefore, in-depth research and identification of 5G interference problems are crucial to promoting 5G interference technology, ensuring the best customer experience, and promoting business process understanding.

1.LTE co-channel interference:

In areas where TD-LTE has not yet been cleared from the D1/D2 frequency band, long-term use of TD-LTE in the community will cause co-channel interference in terminal devices within the same 5G coverage area, which will have a greater impact on 5G connection performance. The intensity of LTE co-channel interference depends on factors such as the size of the overlapping coverage area, network conditions, and LTE neighboring area traffic.

The main feature of LTE co-channel interference is that the background noise of 163-273 physical resource blocks (PRBs) used in the D1/D2 band in the time domain has increased significantly. The waveform characteristics are correlated with the production scheduling optimization algorithm, mainly related to the relative height. In the frequency domain, the 24-hour interference resilience fluctuates significantly with the flow rate, and the observed trends are generally consistent, with large uncertainties. Figure 1 below shows the typical waveform characteristics of LTE co-channel interference.

2.MMDS interference:

Multi-channel microwave distribution system (MMDS) uses microwave frequency for one-point transmission and multi-point reception, and broadcasts TV, audio programs and data signals to cable TV systems or individual customers through public antenna TV systems or direct microwave systems. The configuration of MMDS transmission of TV programs in my country works in the frequency range of 2500-2700MHz, which causes great interference to the 5G system deployed in the 2.6GHz frequency band. The interference presents the obvious characteristics of several continuous 8MHz bandwidth rectangular waves, as shown in Figure 2 below.

Figure 2: Typical waveform of MMDS interference

The situation of MMDS transmission and distribution of TV programs in the 2500-2700MHz frequency band is shown in Table 1. It can be observed that the MMDS TV programs in the range of 2515-2615MHz include the second half of channel 2 (4MHz network bandwidth), channels 3-14, etc. When multiple regular continuous 8MHz bandwidth rectangular waves appear in the waveform in the cell, refer to Table 1 to analyze and verify the location of the station broadcast tower. The best-selling wifi jammers and GPS jammers in recent years.

3.Video surveillance system interference technology:

The video surveillance system interference technology mainly involves the interference of 5G platform video surveillance system bridges, wireless network transmission facilities, etc. to the community, which belongs to the interference of illegal occupation of frequency bands. Security monitoring equipment is widely used in the community and generally works in the 2.4GHz frequency band, but the working frequency of such equipment is not standardized, resulting in illegal occupation of the 5G frequency band and interference to the 5G signal. Wireless video surveillance equipment from some manufacturers has been found to interfere with 5G signals. The interference characteristics are mainly manifested as wide-spectrum network interference, and the interference intensity is concentrated in the range of 2515-2575MHz. In addition, the wireless network transmission equipment of the video surveillance system is often installed in hidden locations such as elevator cars and rooftops, making interference detection difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on checking the area where the video surveillance system is installed. The types of video surveillance system interference technology are shown in Figure 3 below.

Figure 3: Wave pattern characteristics of video surveillance system interference technology

4.Pseudo base station interference:

Pseudo base stations operating in the D band use the same PCI and band extension as the 4G network to interfere with surrounding 5G cells. The typical waveform characteristics of pseudo base station interference are shown in Figure 4 below.

Figure 4: Pseudo base station interference waveform characteristics

5.Jammer interference:

The jammer interferes with the communication between the communication base station and the terminal equipment by transmitting a full-band high-power interference signal. It is mainly installed and used in schools, examination rooms and other places. In 5G cells with a wide network bandwidth, the typical interference technical characteristics of the 5G jammer interference in the time domain are the increase of the full-band background noise or the increase of the background noise in the second half of the broadband network. The typical waveform characteristics of the jammer interference are shown in Figure 5 below.

Figure 5: Jammer interference waveform characteristics

Given the serious interference problem mentioned above, how to improve it? What are the recommended matching filter configurations? Thank you very much for your comments and discussions on this topic.

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